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RESEARCH: HYDROPONICS |
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Procedures to Control Irrigation Timing and Root-Zone Water Potential
in Small Containers
Derek Pinnock, and B. Bugbee
- 2003
- American Society
of Agronomy
Nov 2-6,
2003; Denver, CO
ABSTRACT
Containerized plant growth is common in controlled environment
research and the greenhouse industry. Because of the small root-zones
of containers, water availability changes rapidly over short time
intervals. To overcome this, irrigation is often excessive causing
leaching. Environmental concerns has prompted studies on improved
irrigation efficiency. Tensiometers equipped with low tension (fast
response) ceramic cups and pressure transducers were used to measure
and control water in a peat:perlite mix. Plants were watered with a
dilute nutrient solution when the water potential of the media
decreased to either –5 or –20 kPa. Irrigation continued for ten
seconds or until the water potential of the media was greater than the
setpoint. Other researchers have used this technique to control
watering but have compared effects of watering setpoints through fresh
and dry mass at the end of the study. A better technique is to make
real-time measurements of plant growth. We measured whole plant
transpiration rate, leaf temperature, and leaf expansion as indicators
of water availability. Transpiration was measured using a whole-plant
open gas-exchange chamber, leaf temperature with a infrared
thermometer, and leaf expansion with a digital camera. Controlling
irrigation with a tensiometer minimized leaching without affecting
plant growth.
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