| HIST/ARTH 3110 | Ancient
Near East |
©Damen,
2013 |
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| HIST/ARTH 3110 | Course
Outline |
Damen |
[Readings cited as "Texts" are from your textbooks: W.H. Stiebing, Ancient Near Eastern History And Culture (henceforth "WHS"); and Pritchard, The Ancient Near East: Volume 1 (henceforth "Pritchard"). Those cited as "Articles" are on electronic reserve.]
Section
1: Prehistory (down to ca. 3000 BCE)
Assignment due: Summary Paper
***** Mandatory Recitation: Thursday, September 12, in class
*****
General Geography and Chronology of the
Near East
The Mesolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods
(Al-)Ubaid Culture
Jemdet Nasr Culture
The Unification of Ancient Egypt
Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:
| Sites: | Jericho, Çatal Hüyük, Al-Ubaid, Uruk, Jemdet Nasr, Abydos, Hierakonpolis, Qustal |
| Architecture: | The Ur Temple, The White Temple |
| Artifacts: | The Eanna Vase (Uruk Vase), The Narmer Palette, The Abydos Frieze |
| Documents: | The Turin Royal Canon |
| Readings
for this Section of the class |
|
| Texts: | • WHS: 1-53, 117-136 |
| Articles: | • F.A. Hassan, "The Origins of the Egyptian
Civilization: A Working Model"; • A. Gardiner, "The Land, Its Neighbours, and Resources" (in Egypt of the Pharaohs); • J.R. Harris, "The Calendars and Chronology" (in The Legacy of Egypt); • D. Schmandt-Besserat, "Tokens" (in How Writing Came About); • D. Collon, "Seals in the Ancient Near East" and "The Evidence of the Designs" (in Interpreting the Past: Near Eastern Seals); • J.N. Postgate, "Mesopotamia: the land and the life" (in Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy at the dawn of history) • J.N. Postgate, "Water and land" (in Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy at the dawn of history) |
| Terms,
People, Places and Things to know for Section 1 (Prehistory) |
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| Introduction to the ANE *Zagros Mountains *Taurus Mountains *Tigris River Lake Van *Euphrates River Al-Jazirah *Irrigation Salinization *Assyria *Akkad(ian) *Sumer(ian) *Archaeology "Recovered History" *Chronology |
Mesopotamian Prehistory *Neolithic Age *V. Gordon Childe *"The Neolithic Revolution" *Jericho *Kathleen Kenyon Bitumen Excarnation *Çatal Hüyük *Chalcolithic Age *(Al-)Ubaid 1-4 *Eridu (Culture) Buttresses Ur Temple "Lizard-Headed Statuettes" *Hassuna *Samarra *Halaf Tel Arpachiyah Max Mallowan *Uruk/Warka/Erech *Pictographs *Cylinder Seals *Jemdet Nasr Uruk Vase Bibru *Inanna *Tammuz/Dumuzi "Lady of Uruk" |
Egyptian Prehistory *Upper Egypt *Lower Egypt *Libya (Libyan Desert) *Nubia *Cataract *Merimde (Beni Salama) *Hierakonpolis *Nagada/Naqada *Abydos *Faiyum/Fayyum *Badarian *Amratian (Naqada I) *Gerzean (Naqada II) Libyan Palette *(King) Scorpion Macehead *White Crown *Red Crown *Narmer *Narmer Palette Serekh *Horus *Seth Qustal |
Egyptian Chronology *Sed Festival (heb-sed) *Abydos Frieze of Seti I (Abydos Table of Kings) *Cartouche *Palermo Stone *Turin Royal Canon *Manetho *Horus Name *Two Ladies Name (Nebty Name) Horus of Gold Name (Golden Horus Name) *Dynasties |
Section
2: Sumer and The Old Kingdom of Egypt (ca. 3000-2300 BCE)
Assignments due: Reaction, Section 1; First Essay
Early Dynastic Sumer
Unification of Egypt and The Old Kingdom
Early Writing
Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:
| Sites: | Ur, Kish, Lagash, Girsu, Umma, Memphis, Saqqara, Giza |
| Architecture: | The Square Temple, The Oval Temple, The Royal Cemetery of Ur, The Pyramids, The Sphinx |
| Artifacts: | The Standard of Ur, The Stele of the Vultures |
| Documents: | The Sumerian Kinglists, The Deluge, The Tradition of Seven Lean Years in Egypt, The Pyramid Texts |
Readings
for this Section of the class |
|
| Texts: | • WHS: 39-68, 117-149; |
| Articles: | • S.N. Kramer, "Mythology of Sumer and
Akkad" (in Mythologies of the Ancient World); • H. Frankfort, "The Early Dynastic Period" (in The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient); • J.N. Postgate, "The temple" (in Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy at the dawn of history); • K. Jackson and J. Stamp, "Chapter 7, The Origins of Modern Egyptology" and "Chapter 8, Egyptology Comes of Age" (in Building the Great Pyramid); • K. Jackson and J. Stamp, "Chapter 9, Pyramidology, Heretics, Mystics, and Cranks" (in Building the Great Pyramid); • A.J. Spencer, "Chapter 4: The Early Dynasties" (in Early Egypt: The Rise of Civilisation in the Nile Valley) |
| Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 2 (Sumer and Old Kingdom Egypt) |
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| Sumer I *Sumerians "Agglutinative Language" *(Sumerian) King-List(s) *Lugal *Ensi *Antediluvian (pre-Deluge)Kings *Kengir League *Kish *"King of Kish" *Nippur *ED I *ED II *Enma-baragesi Abu *Enlil Tell Asmar Square Temple "Bent-Axis" Baetyl Kaunakes Hierarchical Perspective |
Sumer II *ED III (A/B) *Gilgamesh Oval Temple *Elam *Royal Cemetery/Tombs *Leonard Woolley *Mes-kalam-dug (PG 755) *Pu-abi *"Ram in the Thicket" *Standard of Ur *Ur The First Dynasty of Ur *Lagash Girsu (El Hibbeh) *Eannatum *Lugalzagezi *Umma *"Stele of the Vultures" Boundary Stones *Edin |
Old Kingdom Egypt *Menes *Memphis *Dynasty 0 *Sinai A Group *Peribsen *Khasekhem *Djoser (Netjerykhet) *Imhotep *Cheops/Khufu *Re/Ra *Pepy/Pepi II *Vizier C Group Kermah Harem Conspiracy |
Pyramids Mennufer *Step Pyramid at Saqqara *Mastaba *Snefru *Meidum Bent Pyramid *Giza *Great Pyramid (Akhet-khufu) *Chephren/Khafre *Sphinx |
Section
3: Akkad and The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2300-1900 BCE)
Assignment due: Reaction, Section 2
The Akkadian Conquest
The Third Dynasty of Ur
The First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom of Egypt
Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:
| Sites: | Agade, Abla, Thebes, Deir-el-Bah(a)ri, Punt, Faiyum (Fayyum) |
| Architecture: | The Palace at Tell Asmar, The Ziggurat of Ur, The Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep |
| Artifacts: | The Bust of Sargon, The Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, The Gudea Statues, The Ur-Nammu Stele, The Statue of Sennuwy, The Bust of a Middle-Kingdom Princess |
| Documents: | The (Birth) Legend of Sargon, Akkadian Observations on Life, The Tale of Sinuhe, Egyptian Execration Texts, The Prophesy of Nefer-Rohu (Nerferti), The Lamentation Over the Destruction of Ur (WHS, p. 84) |
Readings
for this Section of the class |
|
| Texts: | • WHS: 39-42, 49-52, 69-91, 150-164;
• Pritchard: 5-11, 85-86, 225-226, 250-257 |
| Articles: | • A.K. Grayson and D.B. Redford, ". .
.in the Stories of Those Who Were Aforetime," (in Papyrus and Tablet);
• M. Lichtheim, "Literary Genres and Literary Styles" (in Ancient Egyptian Literature); • W.S. Smith, "Part Three: The Growth of the Middle Kingdom and Its Collapse" (in The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt); • D. Collon, "Cylinder Seals in History, Periods I-III" (in First Impressions: Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East); • A. Erman, "Literature" (in Life in Ancient Egypt); • A. Erman, "Learning" (in Life in Ancient Egypt); • H.J. Nissen, "The Period of the First Territorial States" |
| Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 3 (Akkad and Middle Kingdom Egypt) |
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| Akkadians |
The Third Dynasty of Ur *Gudea of Lagash *Gudea statues *Utuhegal of Uruk *Ur-Nammu *Third Dynasty of Ur *Ziggurat of Ur Ur-Nammu Stele *Shulgi *Amar-Sin *Ibbi-Sin Ishbi-Erra |
Middle Kingdom Egypt *Herakleopolis *Nomarchs *Mentuhotep II *Mentuhotep III *Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep *Deir-el-Bah(a)ri *Punt *Execration Texts Hekanakht *The Prophesy of Neferti *Amenemhet/Ammenemes I *Amun *Karnak *Itjtawy *Senusret/Sesostris I *Co-regency Waret *Osiris *The Tale/Story of Sinuhe |
Section
4: The Old Babylonians and The Second Intermediate Period of Egypt (1900-1600
BCE)
Assignment due: Reaction, Section 3
The Rise of the Amorites
The Isin-Larsa Period
The Old Assyrian Kingdom
Hammurabi
The Hyksos
Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:
| Sites: | Babylon, Mari, Isin, Larsa, As(s)hur, Kanesh (Kültepe), Avaris |
| Architecture: | The Palace of Zimri-Lim at Mari |
| Artifacts: | Law-Code Stele of Hammurabi, The Investiture Fresco |
| Documents: | The Laws of Eshnunna, The Code of Hammurabi, Enuma Elish, The Hymn to Ishtar, The Mari Letters |
Readings
for this Section of the class |
|
| Texts: | • WHS: 62-66, 92-108, 164-172;
• Pritchard: 133-167, 231-233, 260-262 |
| Articles: | • A. Heidel, "Enuma Elish,"
(in The Babylonian Genesis); |
| Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 4 (Old Babylonians) |
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| Old Babylonians I *Amorite(s) *Babylon *Mari *Isin *Larsa "Isin-Larsa Period" *Aleppo Subartu *As(s)hur *Shamshi-Adad I *Karum Cappadocia *Kanesh (Kültepe) |
Old Babylonians II *Zimri-Lim Palace at Mari "Investiture Fresco" *Hammurabi *Old Babylonian (language) *Marduk *The Poem/Epic of Creation *Law-Code (Stele) of Hammurabi *Mushkenum *Samsu-iluna |
The Hyksos Medjay *Hyksos *Josephus (Against Apion) *Hekua + Khowse/Khasut *Avaris (Tell ed-Dab'a) *Levant (the Syro-Palestinian area) |
Section
5: Disorder in Mesopotamia (1600-1200 BCE)
Assignments due: Reaction, Section 4; First ABWS
Fringe Civilizations: Mitanni, Yamhad,
Sea-Land Dynasty
The Sack of Babylon
The Kassite Period
The Middle Assyrian Kingdom
The Hittites
Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:
| Sites: | Hattusas, Ebla, Dur-Kurigalzu, As(s)hur, Car-Tukulti-Ninurta |
| Architecture: | The Ishtar Temple |
| Artifacts: | Yazilikaya reliefs, Kudurru, The Cult-Pedestal of Tukulti-Ninurta I |
| Documents: | The Telepinus Myth, Treaty Between Hattusilis II and Ramesses II (WHS, pp. 210) |
Readings
for this Section of the class |
|
| Texts: | • WHS: 108-114, 205-218, 227-231;
• Pritchard: 87-91 |
| Articles: | • O.R. Gurney, "Literature"and "Religion"
(in The Hittites); • D. Collon, "Trade and Diplomacy: the 2nd Millennium BC" (in Ancient Near Eastern Art); • H.W.F. Saggs, "Kassite Kings" (in Babylonians); • A.L. Oppenheim, "Religion (Chapter 4)" (in Ancient Mesopotamia); • J. Bottéro, Chapter 1: "In Defense of a Useless Science" in Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods; • J. Bottéro, Chapter 2: "Assyriology and Our History" in Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods; • J. Bottéro, Chapter 3: "A Century of Assyriology" in Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods; • G. Beckham, "From Hattusa to Carchemish: The Latest on Hittite History" |
| Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 5 (Disorder in Mesopotamia) |
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| Kassites and Hittites I *Hurrians *Mitanni *Yamhad Orthostates *Sealand (Dynasty) *Kassites Dur-Kurigalzu *Kudurru *Hittite/s *Nesite/s *"Hatti" *Hattusili(s) I *Mursili(s) I |
Hittites II and Middle Assyrians *Tudhali(y)a(s) I *Suppiluliuma(s) I *Muwatalli(s) II *Battle of Qadesh *Yazilikaya *Ass(h)ur (Assyria) *Adad-Nirari I *Shalmanezer I *Tukulti-Ninurta I Car-Tukulti-Ninurta *Tiglath-Pileser I Ishtar Temple |
Section
6: The New Kingdom of Egypt (1500-1200 BCE)
Assignments due: Midterm Essay; Reaction, Section 5;
Project Prospectus
The Rise of Imperial Egypt
Akhenaten and Egyptian Monotheism
The Ramessids
Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:
| Sites: | Akhetaten (El-Amarna), Karnak, Valley of the Kings, Pi-Ramesse, Qadesh |
| Architecture: | Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Ramesseum, Abu Simbel |
| Artifacts: | Akhenaten reliefs, artifacts from Tutankhamun's Tomb, Abydos Frieze of Seti I |
| Documents: | The Expulsion of the Hyksos, The "Annals" of Tuthmosis III, Praise of Pi-Ramesse, Hymn to the Aton, The Amarna Letters |
Readings
for this Section of the class |
|
| Texts: | • WHS: 165-168, 173-204, 218-220;
• Pritchard: 173-183, 226-230, 258-259, 262-277 |
| Articles: | • M. Liverani, "'Irrational' Elements
in the Amarna Trade"; • M. Liverani, "Pharaoh's Letters to Rib-Adda"; • P.J. Frandsen, "Egyptian Imperialism"; • W.Y. Adams, "The Viceroyalty of Kush" (in Nubia: Corridor to Africa); • J.H. Taylor, "Nubia in the Egyptian New Kingdom" (in Egypt and Nubia); • D.B. Redford, "Chapter Nine: The Spiritual Milieu of Akhenaten's Reaction" and "Chapter Ten: The Object of Akhenaten's Worship" (in Akhenaten: The Heretic King); • C. Aldred, "Chapter 17: The Amarna Letters" and "Chapter 21: The Heresy" (in Akhenaten King of Egypt) • P. Green, "The Treasures of Egypt" |
| Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 6 (New Kingdom Egypt) |
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| New Kingdom Egypt I *Kamose *Ahmose *Ugarit *Amenhotep/Amenophis I *Tuthmosis/Thutmose I *Tuthmosis/Thutmose II *Hatshepsut *Senenmut *Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut *Tuthmosis/Thutmose III "Annals" *Battle of Megiddo *Amenhotep II |
New Kingdom Egypt II *El-Amarna Tablets/Letters "Brother of the King" *Byblos Rib-adda *Amurru *Canaan Apu *Habiru/Hapiru *Tuthmosis/Thutmose IV *Amenhotep III *Tiy(e) *Ay *Amenhotep IV *Akhenaton/Akhenaten *El-Amarna *Amarna Period Re-Horakte *Aton/Aten Ankh *Uraeus *Akhetaton/Akhetaten *Nefertiti |
New Kingdom Egypt III *Smenkhare *Tutankhaton/Tutankhaten *Tutankhamun *Howard Carter *Horemheb *Ptah *Ram(es)ses I *Seti I *Ram(es)ses II *Pi-Ramesse *Abu-Simbel *Ramesseum Ozymandias |
Section
7: The Dark Age: The Sea-Peoples, the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt and
the Early Israelites (1200-900 BCE)
Assignment due: Reaction, Section 6
The Sea-Peoples
The Aramaeans
The Rise of the Israelite State
Ancient Israelite Religion
Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:
| Sites: | Deir-al-Medinah, Jerusalem |
| Architecture: | The First Temple (of Solomon) |
| Artifacts: | The Sea-Peoples Frieze, The Megiddo Ivory, Stele of the Weather-god |
| Documents: | Ramses III's Inscription, The Israel Stele (Merneptah's Victory Stele; WHS, p. 221), The Moabite Stone (Victory Stele of Mesha; WHS, p. 269), Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions, Hittite Suzerainty Treaty, The Journey of Wen-Amon to Phoenicia |
Readings
for this Section of the class |
|
| Texts: | • WHS: 220-274, 303-311; • Pritchard: 185-187, 209-224, 231 |
| Articles: | • E. Zangger, "Who Were the Sea People?";
• N.K. Sandars, "The Crisis in the East Mediterranean," (in The Sea Peoples); • R. de Vaux, "The Religion of the Patriarchs" (in The Early History of Israel); • R. de Vaux, "The Religion of Moses" (in The Early History of Israel); • Y. Kaufmann, "Israelite Religion" (in The Religion of Israel); • H. Ringgren, "God" (in Israelite Religion); • H. Ringgren, "The Cult" (in Israelite Religion); • T.H. Gaster,"The Religion of the Canaanites" (in Ancient Religions); • H.H. Nelson, "The Egyptian Temple," A.L. Oppenheim, "The Mesopotamian Temple," and G.E. Wright, "The Temple in Palestine-Syria" (in Biblical Archaeologist Reader I); • H.W.F. Saggs, "Aramaean and Other Migrations" and "The Aramaic Language and Ancient Libraries" (in Babylonians); • Jean Soler, "Why Monotheism"; • D.C. Snell, "Syria-Palestine in Recent Research"; • M. Douglas, "The Abominations of Leviticus" |
| Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 7 (The Dark Age) |
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Late Egypt |
Ancient Israelite Religion |
Section
8: The Neo-Assyrians (900-600 BCE)
Assignments due: Reaction, Section 7; Draft of Research
Paper
The Rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Pax Assyriaca
Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:
| Sites: | Nimrud (Kal[k]hu), Fort Shalmanezer, Dur-Sharukkin (Khorsabad), Nineveh |
| Architecture: | The Northwest Palace, Sargon's Palace at Khorsabad, The North Palace of Ass(h)urbanipal III |
| Artifacts: | Lamasu Orthostates, The Black Obelisk, The Balawat Gate, The Nimrud Reliefs of Tiglath-Pileser III, The Khorsabad Reliefs, The Nineveh Reliefs, The Lionhunt Reliefs |
| Documents: | Assyrian Campaign Records |
Readings
for this Section of the class |
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| Texts: | • WHS: 234-254, 275-292; • Pritchard: 170-172, 188-202 |
| Articles: | • H. Frankfort, "The Late Assyrian Period"
(in The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient); • J.M. Russell, "The Message of Sennacherib's Palace" and "Palace Without Rival" (in Sennacherib's Palace Without Rival at Nineveh); • D.C. Snell, "Trends and Implications" (in Life in the Ancient Near East); • D.C. Snell, "Appendix: Theories of Ancient Economies and Societies" (in Life in the Ancient Near East); • A.L. Oppenheim, "Learning (Chapter 6)" (in Ancient Mesopotamia); • S.J. Garfinkle, "The Assyrians: A New Look at an Ancient Power" |
| Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 8 (Neo-Assyrians) |
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| The Neo-Assyrians I *Tukulti-Ninurta II *Ass(h)urnasirpal II Razzia *Kal[k]hu (Nimrud) Austen Henry Layard Hormuz Rassam Loftus Ivories Northwest Palace Lamasu *Shalmaneser III *Black Obelisk Fort Shalmaneser Balawat Gate (Imgur-Bel) *Shamshi-Adad V *Adad-nirari III *Sammuramat/Semiramis *Shalmaneser IV *Ass(h)ur-Dan III *Ass(h)ur-nirari V |
The Neo-Assyrians II *Tiglath-Pileser III *Urartu/Urartians Nimrud Reliefs *Sargon II *Merodach-baladan *Dur-Sharukkin (Khorsabad) Paul Emile Botta Khorsabad Palace Reliefs *Sennacherib *Nineveh "Theme Rooms" *Til Barsip |
The Neo-Assyrians III *Esarhaddon *Taharqa *Bit-reduti *Ass(h)urbanipal III The North Palace *Lionhunt Reliefs (WHS, p. 291) The Til Tuba Relief The Garden-Party Relief *Medes *Phoenicians Pazuzu *Limmu |
Section
9: The Neo-Babylonians, The Babylonian Captivity and the Persians (600-300 BCE)
Assignment due: Reaction, Section 8
The Fall of Assyria and the Rise of the Chaldaean Babylonians
The Babylonian Captivity
The Later Ancient Near East
Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:
| Sites: | Babylon |
| Architecture: | The Ishtar Gate, Procession Street (The Processional Way), The ("Southern") Palace of Nebuchadnezzar, Entemenaki, Esagila, The Hanging Gardens |
| Artifacts: | The Stele of Merodach-baladan (Marduk-apal-iddina) |
| Documents: | Babylonian Campaign Records |
Readings
for this Section of the class |
|
| Texts: | • WHS: 234-238, 292-309, 312-319; • Pritchard: 202-208 |
| Articles: | • H.W.F. Saggs, "The Neo-Babylonian Empire"
(in Babylonians); • J. Oates, "The Neo-Babylonian Dynasty, etc." (in Babylon); • J. Oates, "The Legacy of Babylon" (in Babylon); • B. Kuklick, "Orientalists and Their Civilizations" and "Conclusion" (in Puritans in Babylon); • J.N. Postgate, "Household and family" (in Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy at the dawn of history); • E. Guralnick, "Greece and the Near East: Art and Archaeology" |
| Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 9 (Neo-Babylonians) |
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The Neo-Babylonians *Chaldeans (Kaldû) |
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Section
10: Mesopotamian and Biblical Literature
Assignments due: Reaction, Section 9; Individual Project/s; Second Annotated Bibliography/WebSearch; Research Paper
The Old Testament in its Historical and Literary Context
Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:
| Documents: | The Creation Epic (Enuma Elish); The Epic of Gilgamesh |
Readings
for this Section of the class |
|
| Texts: | • WHS: 49-53, 102-104; • Pritchard: 31-75, "The Creation Epic" and "The Epic of Gilgamesh" [click here for links to a full text of Enuma Elish (the Babylonian Story of Creation), along with links to other translations]; • A. George (trans.), The Epic of Gilgamesh (Penguin, 2000); • Damen, web site on Ancient Literature and Language, Chapter 2 on The Epic of Gilgamesh (click here) |
| Articles: | • C.H. Gordon, "Canaanite Mythology"
(in Mythologies of the Ancient World); • T.H. Gaster, "The Comprehensive Poem of Baal" (in Thespis); • S.N. Kramer, "The Poetry of Sumer: Repetition, Parallelism, Epithet, Simile" (in The Sacred Marriage Rite); • S.N. Kramer,"The Sacred Marriage and Solomon's Song of Songs" (in The Sacred Marriage Rite); • W.G. Lambert, "A New Look at the Babylonian Background of Genesis"; • C. Loew, "The Emergence of the Cosmological Conviction," (in Myth, Sacred History, and Philosophy) • J. Bottéro, Chapter 15: "The Mythology of Death" in Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods |
| Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 10 (Mesopotamian Literature) |
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| Mesopotamian Literature Cultural Adaptation *Repetitive Parallelism *Progressive Specification *Incremental Repetition *Enuma Elish *Creation Stories (Cosmology) Lahmu/Lahamu *An(shar)/*Ki(shar) *Marduk *Tiamat *Primeval Ocean (Primal Waters) Tohu/Vohu *Tehom (Tehom) Storm-god(s) Sapparu Division of the Waters Creation of Humankind *Epic *The Epic of Gilgamesh *Gilgamesh *Enkidu *Adom *Nephilim (Nephilim) "Seventy Sons of El and Asherah" *The Acculturation of Man Inbu *Utan(a)pishti(m) *Walls of Uruk "demythologizes, historicizes, moralizes" |
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***** FINAL
EXAM: Tuesday, December 10; 11:30 am - 1:20 pm; Main 301*****
Assignments due at the time of the Final Exam: Capstone
Paper; Reaction, Section 10
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