|
| 1 |
According to the definition offered in your textbook, psychology is the science of: |
|
|
|
the human mind. |
|
|
|
human and animal behavior. |
|
|
|
thinking, feeling, and motivation. |
|
|
|
behavior and the mind. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
In psychology, data regarding behavior are ________, and data regarding the mind are ________. |
|
|
|
always based on observations of behavior; always based on observations of the mind |
|
|
|
always based on observations of behavior; sometimes based on observations of the mind and sometimes based on observations of behavior |
|
|
|
sometimes based on observations of behavior and sometimes based on observations of the mind; always based on observations of the mind |
|
|
|
always based on observations of behavior; always based on observations of behavior |
|
|
|
|
|
| 3 |
If psychology can be defined as the science of behavior and the mind, why are the data in psychology always drawn from behavior? |
|
|
|
Behavior can be influenced by physiology but the mind cannot. |
|
|
|
Behavior can be influenced by the environment but the mind cannot. |
|
|
|
Behavior can be observed but the mind cannot. |
|
|
|
All of the above. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 4 |
Psychology arose in the nineteenth century from developments in a number of areas, primarily: |
|
|
|
science and medicine. |
|
|
|
culture and philosophy. |
|
|
|
science and philosophy. |
|
|
|
philosophy and religion. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 5 |
According to the theory of dualism, behavior is controlled by the: |
|
|
|
mind and the brain. |
|
|
|
heart and the will. |
|
|
|
body and the soul. |
|
|
|
brain and the muscles. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 6 |
What aspect of Descartes' version of dualism helped pave the way to a scientific psychology? |
|
|
|
His belief in a nonphysical soul that influences observable behavior in accordance with natural laws. |
|
|
|
His belief that human thought could be studied scientifically. |
|
|
|
His emphasis on the role of the body and its ability to control behavior mechanically. |
|
|
|
His view that all of human behavior is purely reflexive, carried out by stimulus-response connections in the nervous system. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 7 |
Why did Descartes' version of dualism suggest that it is possible to study behavior scientifically? |
|
|
|
Descartes proposed that all human behaviors are produced by the interaction of body and soul. |
|
|
|
Descartes proposed that behaviors common to both human beings and animals are produced by the body alone. |
|
|
|
Descartes proposed that the soul does not exist outside the body. |
|
|
|
Descartes proposed that the body controls movement by physical means and the soul controls thought by nonphysical means. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 8 |
Why was Descartes' version of dualism unsuitable as a foundation for a complete psychology? |
|
|
|
It underemphasized the physiological component of behavior. |
|
|
|
It overemphasized the role of thought in behavior. |
|
|
|
It assumed that thought is not subject to natural law. |
|
|
|
All of the above. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 9 |
What limitation makes Descartes' theory of dualism unacceptable to most contemporary psychologists? |
|
|
|
The body is described as a physical machine that operates according to natural law. |
|
|
|
Thought and thought-related phenomena are not accessible to scientific study. |
|
|
|
Many actions are described in terms of reflexes. |
|
|
|
The organ in which Descartes claimed the soul resides does not in fact exist. |
|
|
|
|
|
| 10 |
Which aspect of Hobbes's philosophy of materialism could be considered a precursor to a science of psychology? |
|
|
|
The belief that the soul is a physical entity residing in the brain. |
|
|
|
The reasoning that if physical effects can be caused only by matter and energy, then the soul, which is nonmaterial, must be pure energy. |
|
|
|
The belief that thought is a result of physical processes in the brain. |
|
|
|
The belief that even though the soul is intangible, its influence on the body is tangible and can therefore be studied scientifically. |
|
|
|
|
|