Chapter 14 - Social Influences on Behavior

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1 Certain characteristics must be present in order for a species to be considered social. Which of the following is the most basic, serving as a foundation for the other two required characteristics?
mutual beneficence
socially binding drives
behavioral coordination
social identity
2 People in a variety of natural settings were observed to smile frequently:
when they were happy, regardless of whether they were socially engaged at the time.
to indicate their willingness to engage in mutual beneficence, but less so when mutual beneficence was either well-established or entirely lacking.
when socially engaged and hardly at all when not socially engaged.
when in the presence of other people, regardless of whether they were interacting with those people.
3 The emotion of ________ most often follows the inadvertent violation of a social norm or the receipt of unexpected attention from others.
shame
humility
embarrassment
guilt
4 According to Bibb Latané, the impact of a social force increases as the:
strength, immediacy, and number of its sources increases.
degree of similarity among its sources increases.
immediacy of its targets decreases.
number of its targets increases.
5 It has been proposed that in humans, the presence of others may increase arousal as a result of:
evaluation anxiety.
self-consciousness.
diffusion of responsibility.
both a. and b.
6 Social research shows that a person who witnesses an emergency alone is ________ than a person who witnesses an emergency in the presence of others.
less likely to come to the victim's aid
more likely to come to the victim's aid
likely to be much more frightened
likely to be much less frightened
7 Group polarization may occur because group members:
accumulate biased information from each other.
try to outdo each other in supporting the group's position.
tend to exaggerate the average position of the group.
do all of the above.
8 An individual selling memberships in a book club hands potential buyers a laminated bookmark before beginning the sales pitch. This individual is trying to boost sales by taking advantage of the:
principle of cognitive dissonance.
four-walls technique.
reciprocity norm.
foot-in-the-door technique.
9 Which of the following statements about the subjects in Milgram's obedience experiment (and replications of it) is true?
Although the majority of men applied the strongest shock, only a small minority of women did.
Although the majority of blue-collar workers, who are used to taking orders, applied the strongest shock, only a small minority of professional people did.
Although the majority of people under age 30 applied the strongest shock, only a minority of people over 40 did.
In all categories of people tested, the majority applied the strongest shock.
10 In a single play of the prisoner's dilemma game, the highest possible individual payoff goes to a player who:
cooperates while the other player also cooperates.
cooperates while the other player competes.
competes while the other player cooperates.
competes while the other player competes.