Chapter 13 - Social Perception and Attitudes
Click on the correct answer
1
A claim made about the cause of a person's behavior is a(n):
attitude.
person schema.
attribution.
consensus.
2
ollege students are asked to view a scene in which a man has a gun and is standing over another man who is whimpering and pleading for mercy. They are then asked to describe what they saw. If the students make a fundamental attribution error, they would say the man with the gun is ________ while the man on the ground is ________.
mentally unstable; trying to avoid being shot
a domineering person; a submissive person
having a bad day; responding in a reasonable manner
doing this for a good reason; probably at fault
3
The term actor-observer discrepancy refers to the fact that we are more likely to:
make personality attributions about our own behavior than about someone else's.
make personality attributions about others' behavior than about our own.
make situational attributions about others' behavior than about our own.
do both a. and c.
4
A 5-year-old child screams at the top of his lungs for no apparent reason. If he is a physically good-looking child, observers will tend to shift their explanation of the behavior from one based on a(n) ________ bias to one based on a(n) ________ bias.
person; baby face
situation; attractiveness
person; situation
situation; person
5
Palardy demonstrated that the Pygmalion effect occurs in the classroom, which means each student's performance is influenced by:
the performance of other students.
his or her gender.
his or her teacher's expectations of them.
his or her socioeconomic class.
6
Pat attends a highly selective university and performs slightly below the university's academic average. Chris, who is just as intelligent and academically capable as Pat, attends a nonselective university where he performs well above the university's academic average. Given only these facts and what you know about the ________ effect, you should expect Chris to have ________ academic self-esteem than Pat.
big-fish-in-little-pond; lower
better-than-average; lower
big-fish-in-little-pond; higher
better-than-average; higher
7
High achievement by some members of a group tends to raise the self-esteem of other members of that group when the other members focus on:
the person rather than the situation.
the situation rather than the person.
their social identity.
their personal identity.
8
Attitudes that define and assert the self serve ________ functions.
utilitarian
defensive
social-adjustive
value-expressive
9
The awareness of disagreement or lack of harmony among the elements of one's mind creates a feeling of disturbance that Leon Festinger called:
schematic inconsistency.
cognitive dissonance.
fundamental attribution error.
insufficient justification.
10
Festinger and Carlsmith asked subjects to tell another student (a prospective subject) that a boring task that they had just performed was actually very interesting. Some subjects were paid $1 while others were paid $20 for doing so. Subjects who were paid ________ had more cognitive dissonance and thus found the task ________.
$20; enjoyable
$20; boring
$1; enjoyable
$1; boring