Chapter 12 - Social Development
Click on the correct answer
1
According to Sigmund Freud, social development involves:
learning to channel innate sexual and aggressive drives in socially acceptable ways.
resolving a series of conflicts based on biologically based needs for social relationships and personal achievement.
learning to behave in particular ways in particular contexts through direct rewards and punishments.
a kind of secondary consequence of changes in the ability to reason.
2
John Bowlby used the term attachment to mean:
the emotional bonds that infants develop toward their principal caregivers.
an unhealthy dependence on a single individual to the exclusion of other potential caregivers.
the temporary and ever-diminishing sense of dependence a child has on a caregiver or caregivers.
an infant's actual rather than felt or expressed need for a caregiver or caregivers.
3
Which of the following caregiver behaviors shows the largest positive correlation with secure infant attachment?
giving contact comfort only when the infant's cries indicate hunger or other physical discomfort
waiting a consistent period of time before comforting the infant
waiting a variable period of time before comforting the infant
giving prompt comfort whenever the infant cries or shows other signs of distress
4
Westerners might interpret !Kung and Efe infant care as overly indulgent because infants in those societies are:
in almost constant physical contact with the mother or other caregiver.
allowed to wander off at will.
not expected to learn cooperative behaviors until they approach adulthood.
in close physical contact with both parents.
5
Three-year-old Aaron is overheard saying to himself "Mommy says no, no, we don't pull the cat on her tail" even though he is alone in the room. Aaron is restraining himself by using:
social referencing.
power assertion.
socioemotional selectivity.
rough-and-tumble play.
6
According to Hoffman what problem do the discipline techniques of love withdrawal and power assertion have in common?
Neither technique is very effective in stopping the immediate behavior with which the parent is concerned.
Both techniques merely focus on why an action is right or wrong rather than on the consequences of the action.
Neither technique effectively communicates to a child that it is she or he rather than his or her behavior that is the source of disapproval.
Both techniques carry the risk of weakening the parent-child relationship.
7
Douglas Fry studied children's play in two Mexican villages: The village of La Paz which had long prided itself on its peacefulness and nonviolence, and the village of San Andrés, which was frequently violent. Fry found that the children from San Andrés engaged in:
more play fighting and serious fighting than the children of La Paz.
less play fighting and serious fighting than the children of La Paz.
the same amount of play fighting and serious fighting as the children of La Paz.
more play fighting but no more serious fighting than the children of La Paz.
8
The Ticuna and the Hanca are two fictional tribes residing in the Amazon basin. The Ticuna live in farm communities where women and men have different roles. The Hanca live in hunter-gatherer communities where the women and men have different roles away from camp but similar roles within the camp. On the basis of what you know of cross-cultura
Boys and girls are treated very differently among both tribes.
Boys and girls are treated very differently among the Ticuna and rather similarly among the Hanca.
Boys and girls are treated very differently among the Hanca and rather similarly among the Ticuna.
Boys and girls are treated very similarly among both tribes.
9
Studies of adolescent rebellion in North America consistently show that:
most adolescents reject their parents and parental convictions.
adolescent rebellion is usually directed at immediate forms of parental control.
conflicts with parents are linked more to chronological age than to physical maturity.
father-son conflict is more intense than mother-daughter conflict.
10
Which of the following is not a central aspect of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Higher stages of moral development require a more sophisticated reasoning ability than do lower stages.
Higher stages of moral development involve taking into account a broader portion of the social world than do lower stages.
Higher stages of moral development involve a greater concern for personal relationships than do lower stages.
People go through the stages of moral development in an invariant order, though not everyone reaches the higher stages.