Introduction to Logic

1. Truth Tables

Implication:

p implies q
if p then q
whenever p, q
q, whenever p
q is necessary for p
p is sufficient for q

p if and only if q
converse and contrapositive
p is necessary and sufficient for q

Equivalent Statements

2. Negations

DeMorgan’s Laws

Quantifiers

Examples of Negation (not the same as negative examples)

Two more examples

3. Argument Forms

4. History of Logic

5. Axioms for Plane Geometry

6. Kurt Gödel

7. Gödel , Escher, Bach: Douglas Hofstadter