Ancient Near East

HIST/ARTH 3110	Ancient Near East	©Damen, 2020

COURSE DESCRIPTION	SYLLABUS	COURSE OUTLINE
SLIDES		PROJECTS
A Guide to Writing in History and Classics

HIST/ARTH 3110	Course Outline	Damen

[To see a brief overview of what will be covered each day in class, click here.]

[Readings cited as "Texts" are from your textbooks: W.H. Stiebing and S.N. Helft, Ancient Near Eastern History And Culture (henceforth "S&H"). Those cited as "Articles" are on Canvas (look under "Files"). Additional articles not cited here may be included on Canvas during the term.]

SECTION 1	SECTION 2	SECTION 3	SECTION 4
SECTION 5	SECTION 6	SECTION 7	SECTION 8
	SECTION 9	SECTION 10

Section 1: Prehistory (down to ca. 3000 BCE)
Assignments due: Summary Paper; Mandatory Recitations about Writing (see Syllabus)

General Geography and Chronology of the Near East
The Mesolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods
(Al-)Ubaid Culture
Jemdet Nasr Culture
The Unification of Ancient Egypt

Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:

Sites:	Jericho, Çatal Hüyük, Al-Ubaid, Uruk, Jemdet Nasr, Abydos, Hierakonpolis, Qustal
Architecture:	The Ur Temple, The White Temple
Artifacts:	The Eanna Vase (Uruk Vase), The Narmer Palette, The Abydos Frieze
Documents:	The Turin Royal Canon

Readings for this Section of the class
Texts:	• S&H: 1-46, 110-127, 138-145
Articles (for Reaction )1:	• F.A. Hassan, "The Origins of the Egyptian Civilization: A Working Model"; • A. Gardiner, "The Land, Its Neighbours, and Resources" (in Egypt of the Pharaohs); • J.R. Harris, "The Calendars and Chronology" (in The Legacy of Egypt); • D. Schmandt-Besserat, "Tokens" (in How Writing Came About); • D. Collon, "Seals in the Ancient Near East" and "The Evidence of the Designs" (in Interpreting the Past: Near Eastern Seals); • J.N. Postgate, "Mesopotamia: the land and the life" (in Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy at the dawn of history) • J.N. Postgate, "Water and land" (in Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy at the dawn of history)

Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 1 (Prehistory) The terms, people, places and things listed below are important items to know. They will be mentioned in one of the textbooks and/or lectures. If you have problems locating any of them in S&H, look in the index at the back (pp. 450ff.) and the Glossary (pp. 442ff.). If they are not there, they will be discussed in class or mentioned in other assignments. Information about these terms forms the basis for course assignments, particularly Quizzes. Once terms have been introduced, you should acquaint yourself with them as soon as possible.
Introduction to the ANE (S&H: 1-11) Zagros Mountains Taurus Mountains Tigris River Lake Van Euphrates River Al-Jazirah Irrigation Salinization Assyria Akkad(ian) Sumer(ian) Archaeology "Recovered History" Chronology	Mesopotamian Prehistory (S&H: 12-46) Neolithic Age V. Gordon Childe "The Neolithic Revolution" Jericho Kathleen Kenyon Bitumen Excarnation Çatal Hüyük (Çatalhoyük) Chalcolithic Age (Al-)Ubaid 1-4 Eridu (Culture) Buttresses Ur Temple "Lizard-Headed Statuettes" Hassuna Samarra Halaf Tel Arpachiyah Max Mallowan Uruk/Warka/Erech Pictographs Cylinder Seals Jemdet Nasr Uruk Vase Bibru Inanna Tammuz/Dumuzi "Lady of Uruk"	Egyptian Prehistory (S&H: 30-31, 110-127) Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Libya (Libyan Desert) Nubia Cataract Merimde (Beni Salama) Hierakonpolis Nagada/Naqada Abydos Faiyum/Fayyum Badarian Amratian (Naqada I) Gerzean (Naqada II) Libyan Palette (King) Scorpion Macehead White Crown Red Crown Narmer Narmer Palette Serekh Horus Seth Qustal	Egyptian Chronology (S&H: 9-10, 115-117, 138-145) Sed Festival (heb-sed) Abydos Frieze of Seti I (Abydos Table of Kings) Cartouche Palermo Stone Turin Royal Canon Manetho Horus Name Two Ladies Name (Nebty Name) Horus of Gold Name (Golden Horus Name) Dynasties

Section 2: Sumer and The Old Kingdom of Egypt (ca. 3000-2300 BCE)
Assignments due: Reaction, Section 1; First Essay

Early Dynastic Sumer
Unification of Egypt and The Old Kingdom
Early Writing

Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:

Sites:	Ur, Kish, Lagash, Girsu, Umma, Memphis, Saqqara, Giza
Architecture:	The Square Temple, The Oval Temple, The Royal Cemetery of Ur, The Pyramids, The Sphinx
Artifacts:	The Standard of Ur, The Stele of the Vultures
Documents:	The Sumerian Kinglists, The Deluge, The Tradition of Seven Lean Years in Egypt, The Pyramid Texts

Readings for this Section of the class
Texts:	• S&H: 46-65, 126-138
Articles (for Reaction 2):	• S.N. Kramer, "Mythology of Sumer and Akkad" (in Mythologies of the Ancient World); • H. Frankfort, "The Early Dynastic Period" (in The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient); • J.N. Postgate, "The temple" (in Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy at the dawn of history); • K. Jackson and J. Stamp, "Chapter 7, The Origins of Modern Egyptology" and "Chapter 8, Egyptology Comes of Age" (in Building the Great Pyramid); • K. Jackson and J. Stamp, "Chapter 9, Pyramidology, Heretics, Mystics, and Cranks" (in Building the Great Pyramid); • A.J. Spencer, "Chapter 4: The Early Dynasties" (in Early Egypt: The Rise of Civilisation in the Nile Valley)

Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 2 (Sumer and Old Kingdom Egypt)
Sumer I (S&H: 46-51, 58-61) Sumerians "Agglutinative Language" (Sumerian) King-List(s) Lugal Ensi Antediluvian (pre-Deluge)Kings Kengir League Kish "King of Kish" Nippur ED I ED II Enma-baragesi Abu Enlil Tell Asmar Square Temple "Bent-Axis" Baetyl Kaunakes Hierarchical Perspective	Sumer II (S&H: 51-55, 61-65) ED III (A/B) Gilgamesh Oval Temple Elam Royal Cemetery/Tombs Leonard Woolley Mes-kalam-dug (PG 755) Pu-abi "Ram in the Thicket" Standard of Ur Ur The First Dynasty of Ur Lagash Girsu (El Hibbeh) Eannatum Lugalzagezi Umma "Stele of the Vultures" Boundary Stones Edin	Old Kingdom Egypt (S&H: 127-138) Menes Memphis Dynasty 0 Sinai A Group Peribsen Khasekhem Djoser (Netjerykhet) Imhotep Cheops/Khufu Re/Ra Pepy/Pepi II Vizier C Group Kermah Harem Conspiracy	Pyramids (S&H: 126-135) Mennufer Step Pyramid at Saqqara Mastaba Snefru Meidum Bent Pyramid Giza Great Pyramid (Akhet-khufu) Chephren/Khafre Sphinx

Section 3: Akkad and The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2300-1900 BCE)
Assignment due: Reaction, Section 2

The Akkadian Conquest
The Third Dynasty of Ur
The First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom of Egypt

Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:

Sites:	Agade, Ebla, Thebes, Deir-el-Bah(a)ri, Punt, Faiyum (Fayyum)
Architecture:	The Palace at Tell Asmar, The Ziggurat of Ur, The Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep
Artifacts:	The Bust of Sargon, The Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, The Gudea Statues, The Ur-Nammu Stele, The Statue of Sennuwy, The Bust of a Middle-Kingdom Princess
Documents:	The (Birth) Legend of Sargon, Akkadian Observations on Life, The Tale of Sinuhe, Egyptian Execration Texts, The Prophesy of Nefer-Rohu (Nerferti), The Lamentation Over the Destruction of Ur

Readings for this Section of the class
Texts:	• S&H: 69-85, 179-195
Articles (for Reaction 3):	• A.K. Grayson and D.B. Redford, ". . .in the Stories of Those Who Were Aforetime," (in Papyrus and Tablet); • M. Lichtheim, "Literary Genres and Literary Styles" (in Ancient Egyptian Literature); • W.S. Smith, "Part Three: The Growth of the Middle Kingdom and Its Collapse" (in The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt); • D. Collon, "Cylinder Seals in History, Periods I-III" (in First Impressions: Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East); • A. Erman, "Literature" (in Life in Ancient Egypt); • A. Erman, "Learning" (in Life in Ancient Egypt); • H.J. Nissen, "The Period of the First Territorial States (ca. 2350-2000 B.C.)” (in The Early History of the Ancient Near East, 9000-2000 B.C.)

Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 3 (Akkad and Middle Kingdom Egypt)
Akkadians (S&H: 69-79) Akkadians Semitic/Semites Sargon (Sharru-kin) Ishtar Agade Ebla (Tell Mardik) "Empire Period" Enheduanna Rimush Manishtusu Naram-Sin Lullubi Guti (Gutian People) Palace at Tell Asmar Bronze Head of an Akkadian King (Sargon?) Victory Stele of Naram-Sin Shamash Akkadian inscriptions Monumentality	The Third Dynasty of Ur (S&H: 79-85) Gudea of Lagash Gudea statues Utuhegal of Uruk Ur-Nammu Third Dynasty of Ur Ziggurat of Ur Ur-Nammu Stele Shulgi Amar-Sin Ibbi-Sin Ishbi-Erra	Middle Kingdom Egypt (S&H: 179-195) Herakleopolis Nomarchs Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep III Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep Deir-el-Bah(a)ri Punt Execration Texts Hekanakht The Prophesy of Neferti Amenemhet/Ammenemes I Amun Karnak Itjtawy Senwosret/Sesostris I Co-regency Waret Osiris The Tale/Story of Sinuhe

Section 4: The Old Babylonians and The Second Intermediate Period of Egypt (1900-1600 BCE)
Assignment due: Reaction, Section 3

The Rise of the Amorites
The Isin-Larsa Period
The Old Assyrian Kingdom
Hammurabi
The Hyksos

Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:

Sites:	Babylon, Mari, Isin, Larsa, As(s)hur, Kanesh (Kültepe), Avaris
Architecture:	The Palace of Zimri-Lim at Mari
Artifacts:	Law-Code Stele of Hammurabi, The Investiture Fresco
Documents:	The Laws of Eshnunna, The Code of Hammurabi, Enuma Elish, The Hymn to Ishtar, The Mari Letters

Readings for this Section of the class
Texts:	• S&H: 148-166, 195-205
Articles (for Reaction 4):	• A. Heidel, "Enuma Elish," (in The Babylonian Genesis); • E.A.Wallis Budge, "Chapter 6: The Decipherment of Egyptian Hieroglyphics" (in The Rosetta Stone); • G. Robins, "Royal women and queenship" and "Queens, power, and the assumption of kingship" (in Women in Ancient Egypt); • W.V. Davies, "The Language" and "The Scripts" (in Egyptian Hieroglyphics); • A. Erman, "Chapter 8: Family Life" (in Life in Ancient Egypt); • A. Erman, "Chapter 9: The House" (in Life in Ancient Egypt); • A. Erman, "Chapter 10: Dress" (in Life in Ancient Egypt) • J. Bottéro, Chapter 10: "The 'Code' of Hammurabi" in Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods • J. Bourriau, "Chapter 8: The Second Intermediate Period" (in The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, ed. I. Shaw)

Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 4 (Old Babylonians)
Old Babylonians I (S&H: 148-154) Ishbi-Irra (Ishbi-Erra) Amorite(s) Babylon Mari Isin Larsa "Isin-Larsa Period" Aleppo Subartu As(s)hur Shamshi-Adad I Karum Cappadocia Kanesh (Kültepe)	Old Babylonians II (S&H: 154-166) Zimri-Lim Palace at Mari "Investiture Fresco" Hammurabi Old Babylonian (language) Marduk The Poem/Epic of Creation (Enuma Elish) Law-Code (Stele) of Hammurabi Mushkenum Samsu-iluna	The Hyksos (S&H: 195-205) Medjay Hyksos Josephus (Against Apion) Heqau Khasut Avaris (Tell ed-Dab'a) Levant (the Syro-Palestinian area)

Section 5: Disorder in Mesopotamia (1600-1200 BCE)
Assignments due: Reaction, Section 4; First ABWS; Midterm Essay

Fringe Civilizations: Mitanni, Yamhad, Sea-Land Dynasty
The Sack of Babylon
The Kassite Period
The Middle Assyrian Kingdom
The Hittites

Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:

Sites:	Hattusas, Ebla, Dur-Kurigalzu, As(s)hur, Car-Tukulti-Ninurta
Architecture:	The Ishtar Temple
Artifacts:	Yazilikaya reliefs, Kudurru, The Cult-Pedestal of Tukulti-Ninurta I
Documents:	The Telepinus Myth, Treaty Between Hattusilis II and Ramesses II (S&H, p. 210)

Readings for this Section of the class
Texts:	• S&H: 166-176, 250-265, 278-282
Articles (for Reaction 5):	• O.R. Gurney, "Literature"and "Religion" (in The Hittites); • D. Collon, "Trade and Diplomacy: the 2nd Millennium BC" (in Ancient Near Eastern Art); • H.W.F. Saggs, "Kassite Kings" (in Babylonians); • A.L. Oppenheim, "Religion (Chapter 4)" (in Ancient Mesopotamia); • J. Bottéro, Chapter 1: "In Defense of a Useless Science" in Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods; • J. Bottéro, Chapter 2: "Assyriology and Our History" in Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods; • J. Bottéro, Chapter 3: "A Century of Assyriology" in Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods; • G. Beckham, "From Hattusa to Carchemish: The Latest on Hittite History"

Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 5 (Disorder in Mesopotamia)
Kassites and Hittites I (S&H: 166-176) Hurrians Mitanni Yamhad Orthostates Sealand (Dynasty) Kassites Dur Kurigalzu Kudurru Hittite/s Nesite/s "Hatti" Hattusili(s) I Mursili(s) I	Hittites II and Middle Assyrians (S&H: 250-265, 278-282) Tudhaliya) I Suppiluliuma(s) I Muwatalli(s) II Battle of Qadesh Yazilikaya Ashur (Assyria) Adad-Nirari I Shalmanezer I Tukulti-Ninurta I Car-Tukulti-Ninurta Tiglath-Pileser I Ishtar Temple

Section 6: The New Kingdom of Egypt (1500-1200 BCE)
Assignments due: Reaction, Section 5; Project Prospectus

The Rise of Imperial Egypt
Akhenaten and Egyptian Monotheism
The Ramessids

Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:

Sites:	Akhetaten (El-Amarna), Karnak, Valley of the Kings, Pi-Ramesse, Qadesh
Architecture:	Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut, Ramesseum, Abu Simbel
Artifacts:	Akhenaten reliefs, artifacts from Tutankhamun's Tomb, Abydos Frieze of Seti I
Documents:	The Expulsion of the Hyksos, The "Annals" of Tuthmosis III, Praise of Pi-Ramesse, Hymn to the Aton, The Amarna Letters

Readings for this Section of the class
Texts:	• S&H: 209-245, 265-268
Articles (for Reaction 6):	• M. Liverani, "'Irrational' Elements in the Amarna Trade"; • M. Liverani, "Pharaoh's Letters to Rib-Adda"; • P.J. Frandsen, "Egyptian Imperialism"; • W.Y. Adams, "The Viceroyalty of Kush" (in Nubia: Corridor to Africa); • J.H. Taylor, "Nubia in the Egyptian New Kingdom" (in Egypt and Nubia); • D.B. Redford, "Chapter Nine: The Spiritual Milieu of Akhenaten's Reaction" and "Chapter Ten: The Object of Akhenaten's Worship" (in Akhenaten: The Heretic King); • C. Aldred, "Chapter 17: The Amarna Letters" and "Chapter 21: The Heresy" (in Akhenaten King of Egypt) • P. Green, "The Treasures of Egypt"

Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 6 (New Kingdom Egypt)
New Kingdom Egypt I (S&H: 209-219) Kamose Ahmose Ugarit Amenhotep I Tuthmosis/Thutmose I Tuthmosis/Thutmose II Hatshepsut Senenmut Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut Tuthmosis/Thutmose III "Annals" Battle of Megiddo Amenhotep II	New Kingdom Egypt II (S&H: 219-240) El-Amarna Tablets/Letters "Brother of the King" Byblos Rib-adda Amurru Canaan Apu Habiru/Hapiru Tuthmosis/Thutmose IV Amenhotep III Tiy(e) Ay Amenhotep IV Akhenaton/Akhenaten El-Amarna Amarna Period Re-Horakte Aton/Aten Ankh Uraeus Akhetaton/Akhetaten Nefertiti	New Kingdom Egypt III (S&H: 240-245, 265-268) Smenkhare Tutankhaton/Tutankhaten Tutankhamun Howard Carter Horemheb Ptah Ram(es)ses I Seti I Ram(es)ses II Pi-Ramesse Abu-Simbel Ramesseum Ozymandias

Section 7: The Dark Age: The Sea-Peoples, the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt and the Early Israelites (1200-900 BCE)
Assignment due: Reaction, Section 6

The Sea-Peoples
The Aramaeans
The Rise of the Israelite State
Ancient Israelite Religion

Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:

Sites:	Deir-al-Medinah, Jerusalem
Architecture:	The First Temple (of Solomon)
Artifacts:	The Sea-Peoples Frieze, The Megiddo Ivory, Stele of the Weather-god
Documents:	Ramses III's Inscription, The Israel Stele (Merneptah's Victory Stele; W&S, p. 221), The Moabite Stone (Victory Stele of Mesha; W&S, p. 269), Canaanite and Aramaic Inscriptions, Hittite Suzerainty Treaty, The Journey of Wen-Amon to Phoenicia

Readings for this Section of the class
Texts:	• S&H: 268-278, 286-289, 300-304, 312-320, 393-404, 409-419
Articles (for Reaction 7):	• E. Zangger, "Who Were the Sea People?"; • N.K. Sandars, "The Crisis in the East Mediterranean," (in The Sea Peoples); • R. de Vaux, "The Religion of the Patriarchs" (in The Early History of Israel); • R. de Vaux, "The Religion of Moses" (in The Early History of Israel); • Y. Kaufmann, "Israelite Religion" (in The Religion of Israel); • H. Ringgren, "God" (in Israelite Religion); • H. Ringgren, "The Cult" (in Israelite Religion); • T.H. Gaster,"The Religion of the Canaanites" (in Ancient Religions); • H.H. Nelson, "The Egyptian Temple," A.L. Oppenheim, "The Mesopotamian Temple," and G.E. Wright, "The Temple in Palestine-Syria" (in Biblical Archaeologist Reader I); • H.W.F. Saggs, "Aramaean and Other Migrations" and "The Aramaic Language and Ancient Libraries" (in Babylonians); • Jean Soler, "Why Monotheism"; • D.C. Snell, "Syria-Palestine in Recent Research"; • M. Douglas, "The Abominations of Leviticus"; • A.L. Oppenheim, "The Mesopotamian Temple," and G.E. Wright, "The Temple in Palestine-Syria" (in Biblical Archaeologist Reader I)

Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 7 (The Dark Age)

Late Egypt (S&H: 268-278, 286-289)

Israelite Stele (Merneptah's Victory Stele)
Merneptah
Sea-Peoples
Sherden/Shardana
Lukka
Ekwesh/Akawasha
Teresh/Tursha
Shekelesh
Ram(es)ses III
Ram(es)ses III's Temple Relief (W&S, p.223)
Peleset/Philistine(s)
Tjeker
Denyen
Wesh(m)esh
Alashiya
Neo-Hittites
Aramaean(s)/Aramaic
Seti II
Viceroy of Kush
Deir-al-Medinah
Amun priesthood
Tomb Robberies
Wenamun (Wen-Amon)
Mysticism
Sheshonq I

Ancient Israelite Religion (S&H: 300-304, 312-320, 393-404, 409-419)

"Ancient Hebrew Scriptures"
J
E
El
Ba'al
P
D
Deuteronomy
Henotheism
Monolatry
Monotheism
Moabite Stone (Victory Stele of Mesha, W&S p.269)
Chemosh/Kemosh
Mesha
The First Temple (Solomon's Temple)
‘Ulam
Hekal
Devir
Cherub(im)
Megiddo Ivory
Canaanite Temple at Hazor
Asherah (Asherah)

Section 8: The Neo-Assyrians (900-600 BCE)
Assignments due: Reaction, Section 7; Draft of Research Paper

The Rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Pax Assyriaca

Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:

Sites:	Nimrud (Kalhu/Calah), Fort Shalmaneser, Dur-Sharrukin (Khorsabad), Nineveh
Architecture:	The Northwest Palace, Sargon's Palace at Khorsabad, The North Palace of Ashurbanipal III
Artifacts:	Lamasu Orthostates, The Black Obelisk, The Balawat Gate, The Nimrud Reliefs of Tiglath-Pileser III, The Khorsabad Reliefs, The Nineveh Reliefs, The Lionhunt Reliefs
Documents:	Assyrian Campaign Records

Readings for this Section of the class
Texts:	• S&H: 289-300, 304-312, 324-342
Articles (for Reaction 8):	• H. Frankfort, "The Late Assyrian Period" (in The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient); • J.M. Russell, "The Message of Sennacherib's Palace" and "Palace Without Rival" (in Sennacherib's Palace Without Rival at Nineveh); • D.C. Snell, "Trends and Implications" (in Life in the Ancient Near East); • D.C. Snell, "Appendix: Theories of Ancient Economies and Societies" (in Life in the Ancient Near East); • A.L. Oppenheim, "Learning (Chapter 6)" (in Ancient Mesopotamia); • S.J. Garfinkle, "The Assyrians: A New Look at an Ancient Power"

Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 8 (Neo-Assyrians)
The Neo-Assyrians I (S&H:289-293) Tukulti-Ninurta II Ashurnasirpal II Razzia Kal[k]hu (Nimrud) Austen Henry Layard Hormuz Rassam Loftus Ivories Northwest Palace Lamasu Shalmaneser III Black Obelisk Fort Shalmaneser Balawat Gate (Imgur-Bel) Shamshi-Adad V Adad-Nirari III Sammuramat/Semiramis Shalmaneser IV Ashur-Dan III Ashur-Nirari V	The Neo-Assyrians II (S&H: 293-300, 324-330) Tiglath-Pileser III Urartu/Urartians Nimrud Reliefs Sargon II Merodach-baladan Dur-Sharrukin (Khorsabad) Paul Emile Botta Khorsabad Palace Reliefs Sennacherib Nineveh "Theme Rooms" Til Barsip	The Neo-Assyrians III (S&H: 304-312, 330-342) Esarhaddon Taharqa Ashurbanipal III The North Palace Lionhunt Reliefs (W&S, p. 291) The Til Tuba Relief The Garden-Party Relief Medes Phoenicians Pazuzu Limmu

Section 9: The Neo-Babylonians, The Babylonian Captivity and the Persians (600-300 BCE)
Assignment due: Reaction, Section 8

The Fall of Assyria and the Rise of the Chaldaean Babylonians
The Babylonian Captivity
The Later Ancient Near East

Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:

Sites:	Babylon
Architecture:	The Ishtar Gate, Procession Street (The Processional Way), The ("Southern") Palace of Nebuchadnezzar, Entemenaki, Esagila, The Hanging Gardens
Artifacts:	The Stele of Merodach-baladan (Marduk-apal-iddina)
Documents:	Babylonian Campaign Records

Readings for this Section of the class
Texts:	• S&H: 343-357, 419-423, 434-440
Articles (for Reaction 9):	• H.W.F. Saggs, "The Neo-Babylonian Empire" (in Babylonians); • J. Oates, "The Neo-Babylonian Dynasty, etc." (in Babylon); • J. Oates, "The Legacy of Babylon" (in Babylon); • B. Kuklick, "Orientalists and Their Civilizations" and "Conclusion" (in Puritans in Babylon); • J.N. Postgate, "Household and family" (in Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy at the dawn of history); • E. Guralnick, "Greece and the Near East: Art and Archaeology"

Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 9 (Neo-Babylonians)

The Neo-Babylonians (S&H: 343-357, 419-423, 434-440)

Chaldeans (Kaldû)
Chaldaei
Nabo-nassar
Stele of Merodach-baladan
Nabopolassar
Cyaxares
Nebuchadnezzar
Sack of Jerusalem (June 586)
Babylonian Captivity (Babylonian Exile)
Walls of Babylon
Ishtar Gate
Procession Street (The Processional Way)
Palace of Nebuchadnezzar ("Southern Palace")
Hanging Gardens
Etemenanki
Esagila (Temple of Marduk)
Nabonidus
Belshazzar
Persians

Section 10: Mesopotamian and Biblical Literature
Assignments due: Reaction, Section 9; Individual Project/s; Second Annotated Bibliography/WebSearch; Research Paper

The Old Testament in its Historical and Literary Context

Principal Items to be covered in this Section of the class:

Documents:

The Creation Epic (Enuma Elish); The Epic of Gilgamesh

Readings for this Section of the class
Texts:	• S&H: 55-58, 158-162, 404-409; • "The Creation Epic" and "The Epic of Gilgamesh" [for links to a full text of Enuma Elish (the Babylonian Story of Creation), along with links to other translations: click here]; • A. George (trans.), The Epic of Gilgamesh; • Damen, web site on Ancient Literature and Language, Chapter 2 on The Epic of Gilgamesh
Articles (for Reaction 10):	• C.H. Gordon, "Canaanite Mythology" (in Mythologies of the Ancient World); • T.H. Gaster, "The Comprehensive Poem of Baal" (in Thespis); • S.N. Kramer, "The Poetry of Sumer: Repetition, Parallelism, Epithet, Simile" (in The Sacred Marriage Rite); • S.N. Kramer,"The Sacred Marriage and Solomon's Song of Songs" (in The Sacred Marriage Rite); • W.G. Lambert, "A New Look at the Babylonian Background of Genesis"; • C. Loew, "The Emergence of the Cosmological Conviction," (in Myth, Sacred History, and Philosophy) • J. Bottéro, Chapter 15: "The Mythology of Death" in Mesopotamia: Writing, Reasoning, and the Gods

Terms, People, Places and Things to know for Section 10 (Mesopotamian Literature)
	Mesopotamian Literature I (S&H: 55-58, 158-162, 404-409) Cultural Adaptation Repetitive Parallelism Progressive Specification Incremental Repetition Enuma Elish Creation Stories (Cosmology) Lahmu/Lahamu An(shar)/Ki(shar) Marduk Tiamat Primeval Ocean (Primal Waters) Tohu/Vohu Tehom (Tehom) Storm-god(s) Sapparu Division of the Waters Adam(ah)/Adom Creation of Humankind Battle of Sea and Storm Thorkild Jacobsen	*Mesopotamian Literature II (Enuma Elish, The Epic of Gilgamesh, Ancient Literature and Language - Chapter 2)* Epic The Epic of Gilgamesh Gilgamesh Enkidu Utnapishtim/Utana-pishti(m) Nephilim (Nephilim) "Seventy Sons of El and Asherah" Acculturation of Man Inbu Utan(a)pishti(m) Walls of Uruk "demythologizes, historicizes, moralizes"

***** FINAL EXAM PERIOD: Tuesday, April 28; 9:30 am*****
Assignments due at the time of the Final Exam: Capstone Paper; Reaction, Section 10


COURSE DESCRIPTION	SYLLABUS	COURSE OUTLINE
SLIDES		PROJECTS
A Guide to Writing in History and Classics